ABSTRACT
Objective: To summarize and analyse of literature on the susceptibility genes of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and the key genes were screened and obtained by bioinformatics method, so as to provide reference for the prevention research of NIHL. Methods: In September 2021, Based on CNKI, NCBI Pubmed database and Web of Science database, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic literature related to the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss from 1999 to 2020. Endnote X9 software and the WPS office software were used for bibliometric analysis, and online software STRING and Cytoscape software were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included in the study, involving 40 genes in total. Bibliometric analysis shows that 131 papers which included 36 Chinese articles and 95 English articles were published in 63 biomedical journals; the highest number of published articles was 19 in 2020. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAPDH、SOD2、SOD1、CAT、CASP3、IL6 and other genes play a key role in the interaction network. The involved pathways mainly include MAP2K and MAPK activations, PTEN regulation, P53-depardent G1 DNA damage response, signaoling by BRAF and RAF fusions and soon. Conclusion: The study of noise induced hearing loss involves multi gene biological information, and bioinformatics analysis is helpful to predict the occurrence and development of noise induced hearing loss.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Computational Biology , Bibliometrics , Noise, OccupationalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in advanced gastric cancer, but the effects on safety and survival are still controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the overall survival and short-term surgical outcomes between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACS) and surgery alone (SA) for locally advanced gastric cancer.@*METHODS@#Databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were explored for relative studies from January 2000 to January 2021. The quality of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies was evaluated using the modified Jadad scoring system and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, respectively. The Review Manager software (version 5.3) was used to perform this meta-analysis. The overall survival was evaluated as the primary outcome, while perioperative indicators and post-operative complications were evaluated as the secondary outcomes.@*RESULTS@#Twenty studies, including 1420 NACS cases and 1942 SA cases, were enrolled. The results showed that there were no significant differences in overall survival (P = 0.240), harvested lymph nodes (P = 0.200), total complications (P = 0.080), and 30-day post-operative mortality (P = 0.490) between the NACS and SA groups. However, the NACS group was associated with a longer operation time (P < 0.0001), a higher R0 resection rate (P = 0.003), less reoperation (P = 0.030), and less anastomotic leakage (P = 0.007) compared with SA group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with SA, NACS was considered safe and feasible for improved R0 resection rate as well as decreased reoperation and anastomotic leakage. While unbenefited overall survival indicated a less important effect of NACS on long-term oncological outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Barrett's esophagus is recognized as a precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In recent years, Barrett's esophagus has received more and more clinical attention, however, the world's guidelines still have some controversy in the definition, diagnosis and treatment of Barrett's esophagus. At present, with the continuous updating of the guidelines and the rapid development of the technology of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, the diagnosis and treatment of Barrett's esophagus will become more scientific and standardized. This article systematically reviewed the current status and progress in diagnosis and treatment strategy of Barrett's esophagus.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the differences in reflux patterns in 24-hour esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and functional heartburn (FH) and explore the possible mechanism of symptoms in patients with heartburn and negative endoscopic findings.@*METHODS@#Seventy-nine patients with heartburn as the main symptoms but negative endoscopic findings, including 35 with NERD, 16 with RH and 28 with FH, were enrolled in this study.All the patients underwent 24-h esophageal pH-impedance monitoring and esophagogastroscopy, and the results were compared among the 3 groups.@*RESULTS@#Acid reflux episode was significantly increased and weakly alkaline reflux episode was significantly decreased in NERD group in comparison with RH group and FH group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with NERD, RH and FH had different reflux patterns.Acid reflux is predominant in the NERD, while weakly alkaline reflux is significantly increased RH and FH.In patients with normal esophageal acid exposure but without symptoms or without recorded symptoms during esophageal pH-impedance monitoring, analysis of the total reflux episode, mixed reflux episode, proximal acid reflux episode and percentage can help in the differential diagnosis between RH and FH.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electric Impedance , Esophageal pH Monitoring , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Heartburn/etiology , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the current management of nosocomial infection at medical institutions of all levels in Changzhou, so as to provide basis for standardizing nosocomial infections control of hospitals within a medical alliance.Methods:An electronic questionnaire was customized for online survey of 91 hospitals affiliated to eight regional medical alliances in Changzhou city in March 2019. The survey covered such aspects as general conditions of the hospital, profile of nosocomial infection control administrators and other staffing, supervision of hospital nosocomial infection programs, and training needs, as well as outstanding problems and suggestions.Frequency number and percentage represent enumeration data, and χ2 test was used to analyze the in-group differences of medical institutions of three levels. Results:Tertiary public hospitals were superior to the secondary and primary hospitals in organizational structure, professional staffing and target monitoring, with the differences of statistical significance( P<0.05). The most urgent training needs of medical institutions at all levels were knowledge in determination and reporting of infectious diseases/nosocomial infection/infection outbreaks; top imperatives and recommendations were development of operation rules for primary medical institutions and standardization of workflows. Conclusions:Staff of primary medical institutions need capacity building in nosocomial infection control; primary hospitals are equipped with incomplete nosocomial infection control information platform; key departments in general lack homogenous management. Tertiary hospitals are encouraged to play leadership in medical alliances in achieving standardized, homogenous and informationized nosocomial infection control within the medical alliances.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics of patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and functional heartburn (FH), in order to help the differential diagnosis and treatment of the three diseases.Methods:From October 2016 to February 2019, 64 patients with persistent heartburn who had negative endoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University and with negative results of endoscopy examination were consecutively selected, which included 26 NERD patients (NERD group), 12 RH patients (RH group) and 26 FH patients (FH group). The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), presence of hiatus hernia, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment effect, the score and incidence of gastroesophageal symptoms within one month before visit, and the incidence of overlapping functional dyspepsia (FD), postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) of the three groups were compared. One-way analysis of variance, least-significant difference, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age or incidence of esophageal hiatal hernia between NERD group, RH group and FH group (all P>0.05). BMI of NERD group was higher than that of FH group ((23.74±3.10) kg/m 2 vs. (21.26±2.75) kg/m 2), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.066, P=0.003). The effective rate of PPI treatment in NERD group was higher than those of RH group and FH group (19, 4, and 11 cases, respectively), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.428 and 5.042, P=0.020 and 0.025). The score and incidence of burning sensation in upper abdomen of NERD group were both lower than those of FH group (0, 0 to 0 vs. 0, 0 to 5; 7.7%, 2/26 vs. 38.5%, 10/26), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.756, P=0.006; χ2=6.933, P=0.008). There were no statistically significant differences in the score of heartburn symptoms, or the scores and incidence of chest pain, reflux, globular sensation of hysteria, burning sensation of throat, cough, epigastric pain, early satiety or post meal fullness, belching, nausea or vomiting between NERD group, RH group and FH group (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of overlapping FD or overlapping PDS between the NERD group, RH group and FH group (both P>0.05), but the incidence of overlapping EPS of FH group was higher than that of NERD group (46.2%, 12/26 vs. 11.5%, 3/26), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.589, P=0.013). Conclusions:There are certain differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with NERD, RH or FH, mainly reffected in the PPI treatment effects and whether overlapping EPS. The higher incidence of FH overlapping EPS further strengthens the hypothesis that functional gastrointestinal disorders have a common pathophysiological mechanism.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has become a popular procedure for low rectal cancer as compared with abdominoperineal excision (APE). No definitive answer has been achieved whether one is superior to the other. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ELAPE for low rectal cancer with meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases before September 2019 were comprehensively searched to retrieve comparative trials of ELAPE and APE for low rectal cancer. Pooled analyses of the perioperative variables, surgical complications, and oncological variables were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD) from each trial were pooled using random or fixed effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. A subgroup analysis or a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the potential source of heterogeneity when necessary.@*RESULTS@#This meta-analysis included 17 studies with 4049 patients, of whom 2248 (55.5%) underwent ELAPE and 1801 (44.5%) underwent APE. There were no statistical differences regarding the circumferential resection margin positivity (13.0% vs. 16.2%, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.42-1.14, P = 0.15) and post-operative perineal wound complication rate (28.9% vs. 24.1%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.75-1.94, P = 0.43). The ELAPE was associated with lower rate of intraoperative perforation (6.6% vs. 11.3%, OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.39-0.64, P < 0.001) and local recurrence (8.8% vs. 20.5%, OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21-0.41, P < 0.001) when compared with APE.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The ELAPE was associated with a reduction in the rate of intra-operative perforation and local recurrence, without any increase in the circumferential resection margin positivity and post-operative perineal wound complication rate when compared with APE in the surgical treatment of low rectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has become a popular procedure for low rectal cancer as compared with abdominoperineal excision (APE). No definitive answer has been achieved whether one is superior to the other. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ELAPE for low rectal cancer with meta-analysis.@*Methods@#The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases before September 2019 were comprehensively searched to retrieve comparative trials of ELAPE and APE for low rectal cancer. Pooled analyses of the perioperative variables, surgical complications, and oncological variables were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD) from each trial were pooled using random or fixed effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. A subgroup analysis or a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the potential source of heterogeneity when necessary.@*Results@#This meta-analysis included 17 studies with 4049 patients, of whom 2248 (55.5%) underwent ELAPE and 1801 (44.5%) underwent APE. There were no statistical differences regarding the circumferential resection margin positivity (13.0% vs. 16.2%, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.42-1.14, P = 0.15) and post-operative perineal wound complication rate (28.9% vs. 24.1%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.75-1.94, P= 0.43). The ELAPE was associated with lower rate of intraoperative perforation (6.6% vs. 11.3%, OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.39-0.64, P < 0.001) and local recurrence (8.8% vs. 20.5%, OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21-0.41, P < 0.001) when compared with APE.@*Conclusions@#The ELAPE was associated with a reduction in the rate of intra-operative perforation and local recurrence, without any increase in the circumferential resection margin positivity and post-operative perineal wound complication rate when compared with APE in the surgical treatment of low rectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effects of polysac-charides from Ginkgo biloba on the proliferation, apop-tosis of mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells and the possible mechanism. Methods 4T1 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba of different concentrations. The effect of poly-saccharides from Ginkgo biloba on inhibition of prolif-eration and cytotoxicity of 4T1 cells was determined by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay respective-ly. The apoptotic effect of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba on 4T1 cells was detected by DAPI staining. qRT-PCR experiments were carried out for the detec-tion of gene expressions of the glucose transporter fami-ly upon the treatment with the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba. Results Polysaccharides from either Ginkgo biloba leaf or Ginkgo biloba exocarp significant-ly inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Moreover, with the increasing doses of polysaccharides, cell viability decreased, ac-companied by the increased cell cytotoxicity and apop-tosis. qRT-PCR results showed that polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba significantly reduced glucose trans-porter 1 gene expression. Conclusions Polysaccha-rides from Ginkgo biloba can both inhibit 4T1 cell pro-liferation and induce cell apoptosis, and by regulating glucose transporter family gene expression, it interfered with cell energy metabolism, which infers that the effects of cell proliferation inhibition as well the apopto-sis induction might be due to the regulation of glucose transporter family gene expression.
ABSTRACT
The metastasis is the most important biological characteristic of malignant tumors. Once distant metastasis occurs in the tumor tissue, this usually means that the tumor has entered the advanced stage, so it is difficult to cure with local treatment alone, which is the main cause of death. It has been found that voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are expressed not only in excitable cells but also in many metastatic cells, particularly in certain types of cancer cells and the expression of VGSC is related to cancer migration, invasion and metastasis in vivo. Therefore, this article reviews recent studies on the VGSC in tumor invasion and metastasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for the assessment of chronic renal injury. Methods Thirty-nine patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic renal injury (RI group) who underwent routine renal MRI and SWI examination were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into mild injured group (15 cases) and moderate to severe injured group (24 cases) by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). At the same time, 17 volunteers without chronic renal injury who had normal serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen were recruited as control group. All subjects underwent routine renal MRI and SWI examination. The ratios of cortex to medulla were measured and calculated in both kidneys' magnitude image and susceptibility weighted image, which were indicated as C/MMAG and C/MSWI. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of C/MMAG and C/MSWI between control group and RI group, and paired sample t test was used to compare the differences betweenC/MMAG and C/MSWI in each group. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of C/MMAG and C/MSWI between the control group and the different RI groups. ROC was employed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of C/MMAG and C/MSWI in renal injury. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between C/MMAG, C/MSWI and eGFR, Scr in patients with renal injury. Results The C/MMAG and C/MSWI in the RI group were 1.101±0.039 and 1.071±0.046, respectively. C/MSWI was obviously lower than C/MMAG, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.056, P0.05). The C/MMAG and C/MSWI in the RI group were obviously lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.564, 6.122;P0.05). The area under ROC of C/MMAG and C/MSWI in diagnosis of renal injury were 0.853 and 0.952, respectively. C/MMAG was positively correlated with eGFR (r=0.460,P<0.01). Conclusions Susceptibility-weighted imaging can be used to assess chronic renal injury. Although it cannot reflect the degree of renal function damage, it has some value in the early diagnosis of mild renal injury.
ABSTRACT
TRPA1 channels are non-selective cation channels that could be activated by plant-derived pungent products, including gingerol, a main active constituent of ginger. Ginger could improve the digestive function; however whether ginger improves the digestive function through activating TRPA1 receptor in gastrointestinal tract has not been investigated. In the present study, gingerol was used to stimulate cell lines (RIN14B or STC-1) while depletion of extracellular calcium. TRPA1 inhibitor (rethenium red) and TRPA1 gene silencing via TRPA1-specific siRNA were also used for mechanistic studies. The intracellular calcium and secretion of serotonin or cholecystokinin were measured by fura-2/AM and ELISA. Stimulation of those cells with gingerol increased intracellular calcium levels and the serotonin or cholecystokinin secretion. The gingerol-induced intracellular calcium increase and secretion (serotonin or cholecystokinin) release were completely blocked by ruthenium red, EGTA, and TRPA1-specific siRNA. In summary, our results suggested that gingerol derived from ginger might improve the digestive function through secretion releasing from endocrine cells of the gut by inducing TRPA1-mediated calcium influx.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium , Metabolism , Calcium Channels , Genetics , Metabolism , Catechols , Pharmacology , Cell Line , Fatty Alcohols , Pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Tract , Metabolism , Ginger , Chemistry , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , TRPA1 Cation Channel , Transient Receptor Potential Channels , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of CyclinD1/IgH detection by FISH in diferential diagnosis between mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukeamia (CLL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The FISH detection was performed for CyclinD1/IgH fusion gene. A comprehensive analysis was carried out for clinical features, such as age, sex , WBC count and lymphocyte count, the bone marrow morphology and immunohistochemical staining were carried for CyclinD1/IgH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It is often difficult to distinguish MCL from CLL by bone marrow morphology, when the cell morphology was not typical; there was no difference in age, sex, WBC count and lymphocyte count between MCL and CLL groups; 9 out of 52 patients were diagnosed as MCL, and the direction of CyclinD1/IgH by FISH was positive in 7 of 9 MCL, while 3 of the 7 patients were negative by immunohistochemical staining for CyclinD1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of CyclinD1/IgH by FISH can be used as a specific and feasible method for differential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma from chronic lymphocytic leukeamia.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the risk factors for pulmonary metastasis after curative resection of colorectal cancer in order to improve the effectiveness of follow-up and the rate of early diagnosis for the high-risk patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 268 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing radical resection from January 2004 to December 2006 in the Beijing Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into study group including 16(6.0%) patients who developed lung metastasis and control group without lung metastasis. The high-risk variables associated with lung metastasis were reviewed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lung metastasis developed in 16 patients, including 10 cases with unilateral lung metastasis and 6 with bilateral. The median duration from colorectal surgery to identification of lung metastasis was 13.9 months. The diagnosis rate of pulmonary metastasis by enhanced chest CT was 81.3%(13/16). Univariate analysis identified the following associated with significant factors associated with pulmonary metastasis: primary tumor location(P=0.003), adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.034), TNM stage(P=0.005) and preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor location(rectum) and preoperative serum CEA level(≥5 μg/L) were independent risk factors for pulmonary metastasis(both P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary tumor location and elevated preoperative CEA level are independent risk factors for pulmonary metastasis. Strict postoperative follow-up and routine chest enhanced CT examination is necessary for this particular patient population.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoembryonic Antigen , Blood , Colorectal Neoplasms , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Prognosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) in detecting K-ras gene mutation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one paraffin-embeded specimens of colorectal cancer were selected. MALDI-TOF-MS and regular sequencing were used to test the mutation of codon 12 and 13 in K-ras exon 2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 47 specimens could be detected successfully in regular sequencing, while all the specimens were tested successfully in MALDI-TOF-MS. Fourteen specimens had K-ras mutation in regular sequencing (30.0%), while 22 specimens had mutation in MALDI-TOF-MS (36.1%). Six specimens with mutation were found in MALDI-TOF-MS but were wild-type in regular sequencing. Same mutation types from 14 specimens were confirmed by both regular sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS. MALDI-TOF-MS was able to detect the mutation in 2 specimens that was not identified in regular sequencing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MALDI-TOF-MS is a feasible approach of K-ras gene mutation testing in colorectal cancer, which is less demanding in terms of specimen quality and is more sensitive as compared to regular sequencing.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms , Genetics , Genes, ras , Mutation , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the safety and feasibility of transorally inserted anvil (OrVil(TM)) in laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data (operative time, rate of thoracotomy, residual cancer in the proximal margin, and postoperative recovery) of 72 patients suffered from Siewert type II AEG were analyzed retrospectively, including 46 cases of applying OrVil(TM) in digestive tract reconstruction for laparoscopic-assisted radical resection and 26 cases of applying pouch clamp embedding anvil, between May 2009 and August 2012 in Department of Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery at the Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length between proximal margin and superior border of tumor was (2.5±1.5) cm in OrVil(TM) group, significantly longer than that in the traditional group [(1.6±1.1) cm, P<0.01]. Moreover, the intraoperative frozen pathological positive incidence of cancer remnant was 2.2% (1/46), and rate of thoracotomy was 0, both of which were significantly lower as compared to the traditional group [23.1% (6/26) and 15.4% (4/26) respectively, both P<0.01]. However, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups (both P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>As for laparoscopic-assisted Siewert type II AEG radical resection, application of OrVil(TM) in digestive tract reconstruction is a safe surgical procedure, and can effectively reduce the rate of intra-operative thoracotomy, which is beneficial to postoperative recovery.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , General Surgery , Esophageal Neoplasms , General Surgery , Esophagogastric Junction , Gastrectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was first reported in 1994. Since then, the laparoscopic approach is rapidly becoming the preferred method of treatment for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) due to the many advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Many retrospective comparative trials and randomized-controlled trials (RCT) have confirmed that laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is safe and feasible, and that short-term outcomes are better than those of open gastrectomy in patients with EGC. As laparoscopic experience has accumulated, the indications for LG have been broadened to patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, the role of LG remains controversial, because studies of the long-term outcomes of LG are insufficient. Laparoscopic gastric surgery is demanding from a technical point of view, especially when a D2 lymphadenectomy is performed. Adequate training in laparoscopic techniques and procedures is mandatory prior to embarking on a LG.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Methods , Stomach Neoplasms , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether Acanthamoeba polyphaga could affect the survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae O139 in low temperature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>V. cholerae O139 was co-cultured with the Acanthamoeba polyphaga to be examined on its intracellular growth and survival rate within cysts at low temperature, using methods as Gram-staining, electron microscope and passage culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>V. cholerae O139 were observed to enter into the trophozoites and grow the within the vacuoles after 8 hour incubation with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The germs survived in the vacuole and/or endo-layer of wall and could be re-isolated from the excystment of Acanthamoeba polyphaga. At 30 degrees C, V. cholerae O139 could survive for 120 days with the amoeba while less than 45 days in PAS. At 4 degrees C, the number of viable bacteria decreased and reached undetectable levels for both study and control groups after a 30-day incubation. V. cholerae O139 could be re-isolated from the 30-, 45-, 60- and 75-day's infected cysts after excystment. However the ability of excystment for 90-day's infected cysts decreased and V. cholerae O139 within the cyst could not be isolated again because the amoebae had lysed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicated that V. cholerae O139 could grow within Acanthamoeba polyphaga and the survival time could be increased in the cysts at low temperature. It seemed that Acanthamoeba can provide an environmental reservoir for V. cholerae O139.</p>
Subject(s)
Acanthamoeba , Microbiology , Bacterial Capsules , Colony Count, Microbial , Temperature , Vibrio choleraeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae inside the Acanthamoeba polyphage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Survival and growth of Vibro cholerae O139, co-cultured with Acanthamoeba polyphaga, was observed inside the trophozoites and cysts, using Gram stain and electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Viable O139 was observed inside the amoebal vacuoles in 24 hours. Vacuoles were filled with more bacteria along with the longer period of co-culture. The process of O139 infection with Amoebae would include uptake, formation of O139 vacuole, multiplication, trophozoites lysed and expel under electron microscopy. Some infected trophozoites could subsequently encyst and the surviving O139 could locate in the vesicles inside the cysts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>O139 might survive and multiply in the trophozoites and reside inside the cysts of Amoebae, suggesting that Acanthamoebae might serve as one of the environmental hosts of Vibro cholerae.</p>